https://www.nahjmagz.ir/ Nahjolbalagheh Research en daily 1 Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240453.html Nahj al-Balagha, due to its rhetorical characteristics and profound content, has always been open to research and analysis from various perspectives. Re-examining Nahj al-Balagha from the perspective of Jakobson's communication model theory can reveal the quality of his verbal communication in confronting audiences. According to scientific and historical studies, one of the main issues faced by religious leaders was the lack of informed and supportive audiences, which can be referred to as an audience crisis. The present study, with a linguistic approach within the framework of Jakobson's communication model and a descriptive-analytical method, examines the roles of language in the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha and the causes of the audience crisis. The research findings indicate that the dominant role in the verbal communication process of Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him) is persuasive and poetic, which sometimes combines the poetic role of speech with referential and empathetic roles for greater effectiveness on the audience. Therefore, through the application of Jakobson's theory, factors such as the recipient's unpreparedness to receive specific roles, weakness in diagnosis and analysis, jealousy and tribal prejudice, upbringing in the ruling environment of the caliphs, immaturity in understanding the infallible Imam's status, self-interest and worldliness, conflict of interests, dissatisfaction with Amir al-Mu'minin's(peace be upon him)justice-oriented approach, and the social influence of Muawiyah's agents and sometimes the Kharijites and covenant-breakers can be considered important obstacles to the audience's correct understanding of the infallible Imam. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240454.html The main objective of this research is to investigate the patterns and strategies of Islamic governance in the thought of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha. The research method is documentary-analytical; the data collection tools included primary and secondary sources. The unit of analysis and observation included sermons, letters, and short sayings, and the triangulation method was used for the validity and reliability of the discovered concepts. The results showed that political governance (political moderation; political oversight and control; ruler's acceptance of criticism; combating political aristocracy; honoring political freedom; the principle of popular government; avoiding political despotism; judicial justice); social governance (ensuring social security; community-based corruption prevention; competence of officials; social tolerance; social justice; equality and rejection of social discrimination; creation and preservation of social capital); economic governance (poverty eradication; prioritizing the deprived and needy; economic justice; protection and safeguarding of public treasury; justice and fairness in tax distribution; combating class inequality; avoiding wealth accumulation by the government; addressing farmers and promoting production); and cultural governance (attention to knowledge and cultural capital; combating self-desire; avoiding worldliness; promoting moral-religious virtues; enjoining good and forbidding evil; combating ostentatious lifestyles; religious tolerance and forbearance) were among the most important strategies of Islamic governance.  https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240492.html The ever-expanding environment of organizations and the growth of ethical and illegal violations in the workplace have drawn the attention of public organization managers to the issue of ethics. Given the importance of realizing ethical charters, we decided to formulate a practical commitment to jurisprudential-managerial ethical charters, with the help of jurisprudential guidelines whose practical philosophy is the management of human life "from cradle to grave," by drawing upon Nahj al-Balagha, so that, God willing, with the help of thinkers in jurisprudence and management, this technical knowledge can be developed and serve as a guide for managers of public organizations in the country.The research method is descriptive and qualitative, and the type of analysis is thematic content.By examining the factors influencing the implementation of ethics in government organizations with an integrated approach of jurisprudence-management-ethics, practical commitment to the optimal implementation of ethical charters in organizations is possible. In the field of jurisprudence and management, especially in the ethics section, we concluded that the mere existence of an ethical charter in organizations will not guarantee its ethical goal. The necessity of an ethical charter in organizations is clear to everyone, provided that self-improvement is first carried out in individuals through jurisprudential teachings to pave the way for practical commitment to these charters. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240493.html In Nahj al-Balagha, the negative aspects of management have not received serious attention compared to the positive aspects, which have been systematically compiled. The present study examines the negative aspects of management from the perspective of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha and its commentary. It has extracted 440 instances of negative aspects of management through a targeted study and a combined content analysis method, emphasizing the counting of analysis units (words) in the quantitative section and conceptual analysis in the qualitative section from the mentioned sources. All negative aspects derived from Nahj al-Balagha have been summarized into 20 groups based on commonalities such as origin, effect, and cause-and-effect relationship. The research results indicate that these 20 groups can be categorized under the principle of ignorance, and within it, oppression and injustice. Since the word "ignorance" is frequently repeated in selected books of Nahj al-Balagha and its commentary, it can be considered one of the most important negative aspects. Ignorance encompasses a wide range of meanings and should not be limited to its current and conventional sense. Oppression and injustice rank next among the negative aspects, holding special importance in establishing governance at the macro level and micro-management at the organizational level. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240494.html The family, as the fundamental core of society, faces numerous challenges today. This research, by referring to Nahj al-Balagha, seeks to explain meaning-making mechanisms for strengthening the institution of family, rather than merely presenting a list of teachings. The main question is how Nahj al-Balagha's strategies contribute to family stability through "meaning-making in life." In response, three key strategies are presented: first, purposeful living based on belief in God and the afterlife; second, creating cohesion by giving meaning to shared sufferings and hardships; and third, valuing relationships based on human dignity, mutual respect, love, and honesty. These spiritual foundations create a psycho-spiritual framework that directly increases resilience, commitment, and intimacy, and also reduces intra-family conflicts. Consequently, from the perspective of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), a strong family is one whose members gather around a "shared meaning" for life, and this commonality is the most important factor in the stability of relationships. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240495.html This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on Sunni hadith sources, has analyzed the documentary and semantic aspects of the hadiths on the "luminous creation" of the Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) and Imam Ali(peace be upon him), and its impact on explaining the existential proximity of Amir al-Mu'minin in Khutbah Qasi'ah. The findings showed that these hadiths, based on reliable Sunni sources (such as Musnad Ahmad, Sunan Tirmidhi) and through multiple companions, including Salman al-Farsi and Ibn Abbas, have been narrated with spiritual tawatur (recurrent narration). Documentary investigations based on Sunni biographical criteria and the content alignment of these narrations with Quranic verses (such as the verse of Mubahala) and mystical concepts (Haqiqat Muhammadiyah) confirmed their validity. In the analysis of Khutbah Qasi'ah, "luminous proximity" is introduced as the highest degree of existential adjacency of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) with the Prophet(PBUH), transcending genealogical kinship or historical companionship. This novel interpretation, emphasizing the intrinsic commonality of the two prophetic and Alawi lights, supports the fundamental concepts of Khutbah Qasi'ah, including the cosmic guardianship (wilayat takwini) and the intrinsic superiority of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) over other companions. The research concludes that the hadiths of luminous creation not only strengthen the Shiite theological claim but also manifest "Divine Wisdom" in appointing the most worthy individual to the position of guardianship. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240577.html Khutbah Qasi'ah, recognized as one of the most prominent rhetorical and philosophical works of Imam Ali(peace be upon him), contains valuable teachings in the field of human existential growth and development. The importance of this issue lies in the fact that in today's world, there is a need to interpret and utilize religious teachings to improve individual and social life. The present study, using analytical and descriptive methods, has examined the text of Khutbah Qasi'ah from an existential perspective. In the quantitative section, data related to the frequency of references to existential concepts in the text of the sermon have been collected and analyzed. In the qualitative section, content analysis has been performed with the aim of discovering and explaining the meanings and existing development strategies. The findings of this research indicate that the teachings in Khutbah Qasi'ah can be used as a practical model for individual and social progress in contemporary life and can help expand positive attitudes and dynamism in individuals when facing increasing challenges. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_234787.html It plays a fundamental role in crisis management and creating public peace, reducing damages, and establishing stability. This study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, using library methods and benefiting from the Holy Quran, Nahj al-Balagha, narrative texts, and jurisprudential rules, analyzes the position and responsibility of the government in the face of crisis and provides a policy framework for creating stability. The findings indicate several fundamental pillars, including timely planning and prior preparedness, establishing infrastructure, prioritizing public interests, addressing immediate needs, the necessity of accompanying compensatory and supportive policies when adopting restrictions and emergency measures, observing the principle of proportionality and minimizing harm, preventing the infringement of fundamental rights, and the necessity of enjoining good and forbidding evil, as well as mutual oversight and interaction between the government and the ummah, as this synergy significantly impacts overcoming crises. Consequently, re-reading the jurisprudential heritage in light of contemporary needs and challenges can serve as a model for integrating religious values with governance requirements and a practical guide for justice-oriented policymaking in crisis situations, thereby paving the way for the community's return to stability and peace. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240787.html The security and tranquility of life have always been one of the important concerns of humans throughout different historical periods, and thinkers have always strived to achieve this ideal. However, they have not achieved significant success in this important matter, and during wars, this concern has continuously threatened the mental health and life of humanity. The theoretical and practical conduct of Imam Ali(peace be upon him)also indicates that attention to the security and peace of the people and adherence to divine ethics in wars are among his prominent characteristics. The life history of Imam Ali(peace be upon him)shows that a part of his life was accompanied by war and struggle, and in most of the early Islamic wars, he was present as an unparalleled hero in the battlefields, especially in the Battle of Siffin, which was imposed on him by Muawiyah. Therefore, in this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and drawing upon reliable historical works and the valuable words of Imam(peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha, an attempt has been made to portray aspects of his human ethics, tolerance, compassion, and peacemaking by examining the Battle of Siffin. The research findings indicate that Amir al-Mu'minin Ali(peace be upon him), in this war, employed mechanisms such as avoiding the initiation of war, sending envoys and letters related to inviting to peace and dialogue, continuous guidance and counseling, delaying the start of war, explicitly inviting to reconciliation, and accepting arbitration, etc., to prevent killing and bloodshed. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_222322.html Epistemology of disagreement, a branch of social epistemology, examines rational epistemic responses to disagreement. This article, employing a thematic analysis approach, investigates how positions are taken in disagreements from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha. Imam Ali(peace be upon him) emphasizes epistemic openness towards differing views, encouraging the awareness of opposing perspectives, considering the potential fallibility of one's own viewpoint, and reflecting upon the soundness of alternative opinions. When faced with an epistemic challenge to our beliefs, higher-level evidence may scrutinize the epistemic features of primary evidence (first-order) or the epistemic agent itself. Expert testimony, as superior epistemic evidence, serves as a higher-level source for adopting a valid stance. According to Nahj al-Balagha, in religious disagreements, one must refer to the Quran, the Prophetic tradition, and the infallible Imam. In non-religious disputes, legal matters, and cases involving doubts, the opinions of specialized consultants and experienced individuals are paramount. In political issues, legal frameworks are the key reference. In historical events, reliance on the collective memory of people is crucial. Ethical conflicts are to be resolved through the principle of fairness and the golden rule, while in social decisions, the majority opinion holds weight. Imam Ali (peace be upon him)underscores the fallibility of certain specialists and the importance of innate intuition, asserting that an individual's confidence level determines the rationality of their initial epistemic stance and subsequent action. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_240788.html The issue of the authenticity of Nahj al-Balagha is a challenging topic between Shia and Sunni, and among Sunni scholars, various views have emerged in agreement or disagreement with it. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach, analyzes the axes of opposition to Nahj al-Balagha in Sunni thought and the contexts and foundations of their formation. The oppositions can be categorized into three main axes: 1. Doubts about the identity of the compiler and the correctness of attributing the work to Sayyid Radhi; 2. Doubts about the attribution of sermons and letters to Imam Ali(peace be upon him); and 3. Criticism and denial of the content validity of Nahj al-Balagha.On a foundational level, opponents have relied on principles such as the absolute justice of the companions, the precedence of the three caliphs, the exclusive authority of the Six Authentic Books (Sahih Sitta), the denial of the Imam's knowledge of the unseen, and the later compilation of Nahj al-Balagha. In terms of context, factors such as government support for the caliphs, sectarian prejudices, theological motivations, literary criticisms, hadith skepticism, and ignorance of Sayyid Radhi's personality and the method of compiling the work have paved the way for these oppositions.Shia scholars, by citing internal and external textual evidence, the consistency of Nahj al-Balagha's themes with the Quran, authentic hadiths, and historical data, have rationally explained the authenticity of this work. Research findings indicate that a significant portion of opponents' doubts stems from a lack of historical analysis and ignorance of the scientific method of compiling Nahj al-Balagha. https://www.nahjmagz.ir/article_234490.html Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha has been examined. The central issue is to investigate the extent of convergence and divergence between these two intellectual systems regarding foundational concepts in the field of ethics such as “good will,” “the absolute command,” “duty,” “intention,” “reason,” and “the place of religion.” The research method is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach, and the data were extracted through a library study of Kant’s primary texts (such as Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Religion within the Limits of Pure Reason) and Nahj al-Balagha, and then subjected to comparative analysis. The findings show that despite apparent similarities in emphasizing the importance of intention, duty, and the intrinsic value of the human being, there are fundamental differences between the two views. The main cause of these differences lies in Kant’s anthropocentrism and the self-sufficiency of reason in his system versus the theocentrism and the revelatory nature of ethics in the intellectual framework of Nahj al-Balagha. This contrast in foundations leads to differences in the definition of the “absolute command” — reason-based versus divinely based — the source of duty (autonomous reason versus the sacred lawgiver), and also the role of “happiness” and “resurrection” in motivating and teleologically orienting moral action. The overall conclusion indicates that although Kantian ethics makes major contributions in the realm of rational deontology and in providing a universal criterion,