Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Public Administration, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran
2
Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Valiasr University, Rafsanjan, Iran
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran
4
Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran
Abstract
One of the solutions for reforming organizational agents is the implementation of an effective system of encouragement and punishment. Various benchmarks exist for such systems in management organizations; however, there is a noticeable gap in the development of a framework grounded in Alavi teachings. This research was conducted in two phases. The first phase focused on identifying the indicators of an encouragement and punishment system based on the teachings of Imam Ali (AS). To achieve this, authoritative sources—such as Nahj al-Balaghah —were examined using the Jami' al-Ahadith software, version 3.5. Through qualitative content analysis of the extracted statements, the findings were categorized into indicators under three main categories: foundational principles, specific encouragement, and specific punishment. These indicators were then transformed into questionnaire items. Following the integration of feedback from seven university and seminary professors, the questionnaire was finalized with 66 items, organized on a 5-point Likert scale. The target statistical population consisted of employees from the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, with a sample size of 326 participants. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to reduce the items into coherent dimensions, and the Smart PLS software was used to validate the questionnaire. The results indicated that the principles of encouragement and punishment consisted of two dimensions (do's and don'ts); specific encouragement included three dimensions (rules, criteria, and encouragement care); and specific punishment comprised four dimensions (rules, criteria, inadequacies, and severity and prioritization of punishment).
Keywords